Spaces
Spaces
Perceiving and describing space:
- Empty or containing things
- Unlimited or bounded
- Physical or imaginary
Cell: is a bounded portion of space (a space unit)
Space in Positioning and Localization: partitioning space from the sensor reception perspective
Space classification according to reception of GPS signal:
- Open outdoors: outside building, open sky condition, enough satellites for positioning
- Semi-outdoors: outside building, slight coverage (e.g. wooded area), some satellites availability
- Light indoors: inside building, slight coverage (e.g. areas around windows), some satellites availability
- Deep indoors: inside building, no satellite coverage

Spaces are abstracted and represented using:
- Boundary Representation (BRep)
- Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG)
- Spatial Occupancy Enumeration
Navigation network (supported by Poincaré duality theory):
- Nodes: associated with space units, can contain semantic information about location
- Edges: represent connectivity between spaces
- Costs (of edges): indicate distance or travel time between nodes
Space partition in 3D:
- Bottom enclosure
- Side enclosure
- Top enclosure
| Field | Classification | Physical Boundary |
|---|---|---|
| Navigation | Functional space, Object space, Remaining space & Indoor, Semi-indoor, Semi-outdoor, Outdoor | Architectural (e.g. wall, floor, roof, fence) |
| Positioning and Localization | Indoor, Semi-outdoor, Outdoor | Building, waterbody, bridge, tunnel |