What is the role of GNSS in timing information (think critical economic infrastructure)?
How does the GNSS space segment effectively enable navigation?
Why is it important to synchronise the GPS clock with ground-based clocks?
Where are the ground-based clocks located?
What is the cause of the receiver ‘clock bias’, and how is it resolved through the code-based positioning solution?
How does code-based Differential GNSS ‘solve’, among other error sources, the travel-time delay of the signals through the ionosphere?
What is the difference between GPS jamming and GPS spoofing?
How do GPS jamming devices work?
Is … description of … correct? Rephrase if not.
GNSS performance (~20%)
Definitions
Dilution of precision (DOP)
Horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP)
Vertical dilution of precision (VDOP)
Geometric dilution of precision (GDOP)
Accuracy
Precision
Availability
Continuity
Integrity
Real Time Kinematic (RTK)
Network RTK
Precise Point Positioning (PPP)
PPP-RTK
DGNSS
Error sources
06-GPS
Example questions
How can the Time-to-First-Fix (TTFF) be significantly improved in GNSS-enabled, Wi-Fi/4G-connected, smartphones compared to stand-alone code-based, GPS receivers?
What influences the fluctuation in DOP values?
What are the reasons behind the higher values of VDOP throughout the day compared to HDOP?
Which real-time positioning corrections have to be provided to obtain higher accuracy? Why are these corrections not just incorporated into the standard GNSS Services?
Which fundamental issues cause the difference in horizontal and vertical accuracy of (e.g.) 20 cm versus 40 cm?
How can the performance of each of the following parameters be improved: a) accuracy, b) precision, c) availability, and d) integrity?
For positioning, does it matter where you are: a) at the North Pole, b) in the centre of a city in the Netherlands, c) somewhere at the Equator?
What kind of corrections does 06-GPS offer, how are these corrections obtained, and how do they reach centimeter accuracy?
Is … description of … correct? Rephrase if not.
GNSS in the built environment (outdoor, indoor and in between) (~20%)
Definitions
Shadow matching
Urban canyon
Multipath
Example questions
Why is Wrong-Side-of-the-Street accuracy preferable for GPS precision over a general indication like '10 meters anticipated accuracy'?
What features of Assisted GPS (A-GPS) enable achieving a time-to-first-fix (TTFF) of 1 second?
What is shadow matching?
Is … description of … correct? Rephrase if not.
CRS (~10%)
Definitions
Geocentric CS
Topocentric CS
Ellipsoid
Epoch
Map projection
Terrestrial Reference System
Terrestrial Reference Frame
Datum
Coordinate system
Coordinate reference system
Transformation
Conversion
International Terrestrial Reference Frames (ITRF)
Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP)
Rijksdriehoeksmeting (RD)
Example questions
What could go wrong when users exchanging geoinformation in RD coordinates do not use the official RDNAPTRANS™ procedure between ETRS89 and RD?
What are the needed operations for a transformation from ETRS89 to the Rijksdriehoeksstelsel?
For what purposes is a more accurate geoid useful?
What are the factors you would consider when choosing between different CRSs?
What are the current issues concerning CRS?
Is … description of … correct? Rephrase if not.
Wi-Fi-monitoring / Fingerprinting (~20%)
Definitions
Wi-Fi-Monitoring
Wi-Fi-Fingerprinting
Location
Position
Yield
Consistency
Overhead
Power consumption
Latency
Roll-out and operating costs
Time of Arrival (ToA)
Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA)
Received Signal Strength (RSS)
Angle of Arrival (AOA)
Trilateration
Path-Loss
Fine Timing Measurement (FTM)
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Inertial Navigation Systems (INS)
Visual Based Indoor Localisation
Isovists
Example questions
What is Wi-Fi Monitoring and Fingerprinting?
What is Wi-Fi Triangulation?
How would you redesign the layout and/or the way of working of a Wi-Fi-based solution inside the Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, such that you optimize the localisation/positioning of Wi-Fi performance?
What is an opt-in and an opt-out?
Is … description of … correct? Rephrase if not.
Location awareness and privacy (~10%)
Definitions
IndoorGML
I-Space
sI-Space
sO-Space
O-space
Example questions
What does the significance of decimal places mean in Lat/Long coordinates?
Why is it useful to have detailed information about the surroundings?
Can you navigate using only information of the route (not the surroundings)?
How can IndoorGML help with indoor navigation?
Is it legal for a hospital to get a real-time overview map of all visitors and employees?